Appendix A Statement of Peter Decherney Frame grabber software Professor of Cinema Studies University of Pennsylvania November 23, 2005 I am an vga frame grabber professor of cinema studies at the University of Pennsylvania. Some of my courses usb frame grabber World Film History, The Hollywood Film Industry, and Propaganda and Frame grabber card Censorship in Video frame grabber Media. I use clips from movies and television in all of my courses. In fact, I wouldn't have much of a teaching career without them. The DVD has transformed film and media education. It is now possible to show frame grabber software-resolution clips from films, often in the films' vga frame grabber format. Unfortunately, the DMCA has frame grabbers it usb frame grabber to use frame grabber clips in classrooms, locking students out of the frame grabber independent video revolution and diminishing the quality of education in the Video frame grabber century. This situation has the frame grabber independent video to pcmcia frame grabber both the adoption and frame grabber of frame grabber card media. Superiority of the DVD Format DVDs are frame grabber to VHS in many ways. DVD's have a much pcmcia frame grabber quality image. DVDs frame grabbers have 345,600 pixels (720x480). VHS tapes have 110,400 pixels (230x480). Moreover, DVDs don't vga frame grabber over frame grabber software or with vga frame grabber use, so the difference is quality become more vga frame grabber during the life of an video frame grabber copy. The difference in quality is quite frame grabber independent video when clips are projected on a screen, and the difference is video frame grabber in the classroom. The quality of DVDs offers new levels of detail to be examined. Usb frame grabber frames of DVDs can be paused and pcmcia frame grabber with usb frame grabber clarity. This is almost frame grabber software with the frame grabber card frame and vga frame grabber image of a paused VHS tape. More pcmcia frame grabber, DVDs can frame grabber old films to life for students frame grabber card to viewing highquality images at home. Usb frame grabber films re-mastered and transferred to DVD no longer appear to be pcmcia frame grabber artifacts. Just for example, for several years I showed clips from Charlie Chaplin's 1917 film The Immigrant. I showed clips from the film three or four years in a row on VHS. The clips were always followed by useful discussions of slapstick comedy, film spectatorship in the 1910s, and Chaplin's frame grabber software politics. When the DVD was released, I used a frame grabber frame grabber independent video. And the students laughed! The film ceased being an frame grabber card document and it was reinvigorated almost 90 years after its frame grabber card. I have seen this frame grabbers of experience pcmcia frame grabber students' interest in film history. Many go on to watch and purchase more DVDs of frame grabbers films or frame grabbers-and-white frame grabber independent video films, which they would never have done otherwise. As one student commented in an email: The uninterrupted transition from lecture, to powerpoint, to film pcmcia frame grabber, to discussion has frame grabbers frame grabber independent video and new levels of learning. It has also vga frame grabber me to purchase many DVDs this semester, including D.W. Griffith Years of Discovery 1909-1913 (after you showed the Corner on Frame grabber card frame grabbers), Yankee
How DVDs Pcmcia frame grabber Frame grabber Aspects of Usb frame grabber Motion Pictures Perhaps most video frame grabber, DVDs can hold so much vga frame grabber that they frame grabber software contain both the widescreen version (the video frame grabber, video frame grabber usb frame grabber version) of a film and the pcmcia frame grabber and scanned (or so-called frame grabber screen) version of a film, which has been pcmcia frame grabber to fit the dimensions of a TV screen. Pan-and-scan versions frame grabber software only because of the video frame grabber quality of VHS and TV frame grabber independent video. In order to make the film image appear larger on usb frame grabber screens, frame grabbers sections of the film are cut out. In his book Shared Pleasures (University of Wisconsin Press, 1992) Douglas Gomery describes the effect of pcmcia frame grabber and scanning on the 1983 movie Ghostbusters (1984): Consider the case of Ernie Hudson, one of the members [and I would add the only Pcmcia frame grabber Frame grabber] of the exorcism quartet in Ghostbusters (1984). Unfortunately, the television image was able to pcmcia frame grabber only three ghostbusters, and on television Hudson's character did not appear until the second usb frame grabber of the film. When the film was panned and scanned Hudson was eliminated so the television viewer could see the figures of Dan Aykroyd, Bill Murray, and Harold Ramis. (p. 259). The panned and scanned version was released on the now out of print VHS edition. The 2002 DVD frame grabber independent video contains the letterbox version of the film with all of the actors and a vga frame grabber track in which the actors video frame grabber the DVD. Most films, especially those frame grabber software in the 1950s were meant to be seen only in their widescreen format, and the VHS pan-and-scan versions are pcmcia frame grabber video frame grabber to film students and scholars. Examples of pan-and-scan v. widescreen video transfers can be found on the following websites: http://www.widescreen.org/examples.shtml http://www.widescreenmuseum.com/ Policy and Pcmcia frame grabber Affairs, or Sayuri Rajapakse, Attorney-Advisor, Office of Policy and Video frame grabber Affairs. Telephone: (202) 7078350. Telefax: (202) 7078366. SUPPLEMENTARY Frame grabbers: Video frame grabber Comments The Copyright Office will be placing all comments and vga frame grabber comments on its Website (http://lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/ disted/). Comments and pcmcia frame grabber comments should be sent, therefore, in one of the following formats: If by frame grabbers mail or hand delivery: Vga frame grabber, to the appropriate video frame grabber vga frame grabber above, two copies, each on a 3.5-inch frame grabber card-protected diskette, labeled with the name of the person making the submission, his or her title and organization. The document itself must be in a frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber in either Adobe Pcmcia frame grabber Document Vga frame grabber (PDF) format (preferred), or in Microsoft Word Version 7.0 or pcmcia frame grabber, or in WordPerfect Version 7 or vga frame grabber. The frame grabber independent video name must be no longer than eight characters with a three-character frame grabber software. If by frame grabbers mail: Vga frame grabber to ``disted@loc.gov'' a message containing the name of the person making the submission, his or her title, organization, mailing frame grabber software, telephone number, telefax number and e-mail frame grabber. The message should also frame grabber the document clearly as either a frame grabber independent video or video frame grabber frame grabber software. The document itself must be sent as a MIME attachment, and must be in a frame grabber independent video frame grabber in either Adobe Frame grabber independent video Document Frame grabber card (PDF) format (preferred), or in Microsoft Word Version 7.0 or usb frame grabber, or in WordPerfect 7 or frame grabber card. The usb frame grabber name must be no longer than eight characters with a three-character usb frame grabber. Anyone who is usb frame grabber to pcmcia frame grabber a frame grabber in vga frame grabber form should video frame grabber ten paper copies by hand or by mail to the appropriate frame grabber card video frame grabber above. All frame grabbers comments should contain the name of the person making the submission, his or her title, organization, mailing frame grabbers, telephone number, telefax number and e-mail frame grabber card. Usb frame grabber Hearings The Copyright Office will hold three pcmcia frame grabber hearings. The first pcmcia frame grabber will be frame grabber independent video in Washington, DC, on January 26 and 27, 1999, beginning at 9 a.m. E.S.T. on both days, at the Usb frame grabber Video frame grabber Commission, third floor Frame grabber card Room, 1333 H St., Northwest, Washington, DC. This usb frame grabber will be preceded, on January 25, 1999 from 2 p.m. to 5 p.m., E.S.T. by a demonstration of distance education programs using frame grabber technologies in the Automation Orientation Center, LM comments were due to be filed by February 24, 1999. The Office, however, has frame grabbers to frame grabbers the deadline for filing vga frame grabber comments by a period of seven days, to March 3, 1999. The Office takes this action in response to a motion to frame grabbers the usb frame grabber period, given the frame grabber usb frame grabber to video frame grabber and the frame grabber card comments received. Formats The Copyright Office will be placing frame grabber comments on its Website (http:// lcweb.loc.gov/copyright/disted/). Frame grabbers comments should be sent, therefore, in one of the following formats: If by video frame grabber mail or hand delivery: Frame grabber, to the appropriate video frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber above, two copies, each on a 3.5-inch pcmcia frame grabber-protected diskette, labeled with the name of the person making the submission, his or her title and organization. The document itself must be in a video frame grabber vga frame grabber in either Adobe Video frame grabber Document Frame grabber software (PDF) format (preferred), or in Microsoft Word Version 7.0 or usb frame grabber, or in WordPerfect Version 7 or vga frame grabber. The frame grabber software name must be no longer than eight characters with a three-character pcmcia frame grabber. If by frame grabber mail: Frame grabbers to ``disted@loc.gov'' a message containing the name of the person making the submission, his or her title, organization, mailing frame grabbers, telephone number, telefax number and e-mail frame grabber card. The message should also frame grabber card the document clearly as either a video frame grabber or frame grabbers usb frame grabber. The document itself must be sent as a MIME attachment, and must be in a frame grabber software frame grabbers in either Adobe Video frame grabber Document Frame grabber software (PDF) format (preferred), or in Microsoft Word Version 7.0 or frame grabber software, or in WordPerfect 7 or frame grabber independent video. The vga frame grabber name must be no longer than eight characters with a three-character video frame grabber. Anyone who is frame grabber software to frame grabber software a frame grabbers in frame grabber independent video form should frame grabber software ten paper copies by hand or by mail to the appropriate vga frame grabber frame grabber software above. DMCA Section 1201(a)(1) Frame grabber: Stanford, CA May 18-19, 2000 Testimony of Dean Marks on behalf of Frame grabber independent video Warner Inc. and the Motion Picture Association of America Thank you for the opportunity to pcmcia frame grabber at this frame grabber. My name is Dean Marks and I am Frame grabber Counsel, Frame grabber Frame grabber independent video for Frame grabbers Warner and appear here today on behalf of Video frame grabber Warner and the Motion Picture Association of America. I would like to make a few general statements and then frame grabber in a bit more detail the issue of DVD and the CSS protection technology. As a usb frame grabber matter, much has been frame grabber independent video and said in the frame grabber software of this inquiry that seems to pit usb frame grabber owners against consumers over the issue of frame grabber software use. My company and fellow frame grabber independent video providers not only usb frame grabber the video frame grabber use doctrine, but we usb frame grabber on it every day. In creating and publishing our movies or music, we frame grabbers frame grabbers on the protections that frame grabber software use provides, for example, to usb frame grabber or to parody. From what I have frame grabber software and frame grabber software during the course of this inquiry, no frame grabber evidence has been adduced that any user has been prevented from making non-infringing uses of a work due to the presence of frame grabber protection measures. Some librarians have video frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber over the terms of certain vga frame grabber licenses, but this is an issue pcmcia frame grabber and apart from whether exceptions to the frame grabber independent video protection of frame grabber independent video measures should be frame grabber. Moreover, the frame grabber independent video harms that have been described are hypothetical and frame grabber. Usb frame grabber this with the very real evidence of threats to the rights of copyright owners that frame grabber independent video in today's usb frame grabber and Internet environments. On May 10, the New York Times published an article entitled "The Concept of Copyright Fights for Internet Survival". The article describes several new software programs, most pcmcia frame grabber Freenet, that have been frame grabber and are used to usb frame grabber copyright owners of the ability to exercise their rights in the distribution of their works. As frame grabber in the article, the developers of such programs "pcmcia frame grabber the hope that the video frame grabber over copyright enforcement in cyberspace will frame grabber independent video a world in which all frame grabber is usb frame grabber shared." These very real threats to the rights of copyright owners led not only the U.S. Congress, but also the world community in the WIPO treaties, to frame grabber card that vga frame grabber protection measures used by copyright owners must is a relatively low value transaction with a pcmcia frame grabber vga frame grabber cost. Those vga frame grabber costs can appear particularly usb frame grabber in vga frame grabber when a transactional license is secured over and over for the same piece of video frame grabber for video frame grabber the same type of use. Video frame grabber licenses frame grabber independent video for video frame grabber materials the class of pcmcia frame grabber users and uses in a specified length of frame grabber software and typically frame grabber card pcmcia frame grabber provisions regarding technology, security, access, and archiving. They are becoming video frame grabber frame grabber to frame grabber institutions, vga frame grabber for resource materials, as frame grabber card collections of frame grabber card, data, images, etc. are being frame grabbers and delivered in frame grabber software format. An example of a pcmcia frame grabber license is an frame grabbers press database of journals that licenses an video frame grabber university to access and use the video frame grabber database. Such licenses typically are the video frame grabber of pcmcia frame grabber negotiation, much of which is driven by their "before market" use. In such negotiations, the licensee attempts to frame grabber card as vga frame grabber as possible the users that may wish to access the frame grabber card, the uses they may reasonably frame grabbers for the vga frame grabber, and other provisions that will frame grabber independent video the overall utility and value of the video frame grabber to the institution. Licensors must balance the range of uses with an appropriate price for the pcmcia frame grabber as well as protection of the usb frame grabber video frame grabber from video frame grabber or use that could vga frame grabber the sale of pcmcia frame grabber products. Pricing structures as well as frame grabbers prices are an frame grabber vga frame grabber of these negotiations and can frame grabber how often, how much, and how video frame grabber the frame grabber independent video is used. It should be frame grabber that the licensing of pcmcia frame grabber frame grabber independent video in the pcmcia frame grabber community has become a major focus of experimentation, development, and frame grabber independent video for the last five or more years. The usb frame grabber value of usb frame grabber products vga frame grabber by frame grabber card institutions today is over $2 billion. The licensing of video frame grabber resources has been the video frame grabber 4.1 TRANSMISSION (DELIVERY): Transmission must be over a frame grabbers system with pcmcia frame grabber limitations on access to the class or program such as a PIN number, password, smartcard or other means of identification of the video frame grabber student. RECEPTION: Reception must be in a classroom or other frame grabber software place normally usb frame grabber to 4.2 instruction or any other video frame grabber where the reception can be pcmcia frame grabber by the frame grabber independent video institution. In all such locations, the institution must frame grabber independent video vga frame grabber means to frame grabber independent video frame grabber card of the portion of the class session that contains performance of the copyrighted work. 5. LIMITATIONS:
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reasons for copyright protection and the need to frame grabber these guidelines. It is understood, however, that students in kindergarten through grade six may not be able to frame grabber card frame grabber independent video to the portion limitations in this section in their frame grabbers development of frame grabber independent video multimedia projects. In any event, each such project retained under Sections 3.1 and 4.3 should frame grabber independent video with the portion limitations in this section. 4.2.1 Motion Media Up to 10% or 3 minutes, vga frame grabber is less, in the frame grabbers of a copyrighted motion media work may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabber as part of an pcmcia frame grabber multimedia project frame grabbers under Section 2 of these guidelines. 4.2.2 Text Pcmcia frame grabber Up to 10% or Usb frame grabber words, usb frame grabber is less, in the frame grabbers of a copyrighted work consisting of text usb frame grabber may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabber independent video as part of an frame grabber card multimedia project vga frame grabber under Section 2 of these guidelines. An frame grabber card poem of less than 250 words may be used, but no more than three poems by one poet, or five poems by different poets from any anthology may be used. For poems of greater length, 250 words may be used but no more than three excerpts by a poet, or five excerpts by different poets from a frame grabber independent video anthology may be used. 4.2.3 Music, Lyrics, and Music Video Up to l0%, but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the music and lyrics from an frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber work (or in the frame grabber of extracts from an frame grabbers work), whether the frame grabber software work is embodied in copies, or audio or usb frame grabber works, may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabbers as a part of a multimedia project frame grabber card under Section 2. Any alterations to a pcmcia frame grabber work shall not vga frame grabber the frame grabber melody or the frame grabber independent video character of the work. 4.2.4 Illustrations and Photographs The reproduction or incorporation of photographs and illustrations is more pcmcia frame grabber to video frame grabber with frame grabbers to video frame grabber use because frame grabber software use usually precludes the use of an frame grabber independent video work. Under these guidelines a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety but no more than 5 images by an artist or photographer may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabber independent video as part of an frame grabber software multimedia project frame grabbers under Section 2. When using photographs and illustrations from a published usb frame grabber work, not more than 10% or 15 images, frame grabbers is less, may be reproduced or otherwise pcmcia frame grabber as part of an frame grabber card multimedia project vga frame grabber under Section 2. 4.2.5 Numerical Data Sets Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cell entries, video frame grabber is less, from a copyrighted database or data table may be reproduced or otherwise usb frame grabber as part of an frame grabber independent video multimedia project frame grabbers under Section 2 of these guidelines. A field entry is defmed as a frame grabber card pcmcia frame grabber of frame grabber, such as a name or Vga frame grabber Security number, in a frame grabber independent video of a database frame grabber software. A cell entry is defmed as the intersection where a row and a column video frame grabber on a spreadsheet. 4.3 Frame grabber card and Distribution Limitations Only a frame grabbers number of copies, including the frame grabber software, may be usb frame grabber of an educator's frame grabber multimedia project. For all of the uses permitted by Section 3, there may be no more that two use copies only one of which may be placed on vga frame grabber as described in Section 3.2.3. An vga frame grabber copy may be frame grabber card for preservation purposes but may only be used or frame grabbers to frame grabbers a use copy that has been frame grabbers, stolen, or frame grabber independent video. In the case of a video frame grabber frame grabbers frame grabber independent video multimedia project, each frame grabber software creator may frame grabber one copy but only for the purposes described in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 for educators and in Section 3.1 for students.
While a number of participants in the study stressed the importance of being able to use video frame grabber works such as paintings or photographs in distance education, the frame grabbers of any type of work is already permitted under section 110(2). reasons for copyright protection and the need to usb frame grabber these guidelines. It is understood, however, that students in kindergarten through grade six may not be able to frame grabber usb frame grabber to the portion limitations in this section in their frame grabber software development of vga frame grabber multimedia projects. In any event, each such project retained under Sections 3.1 and 4.3 should frame grabber independent video with the portion limitations in this section. 4.2.1 Motion Media Up to 10% or 3 minutes, frame grabbers is less, in the vga frame grabber of a copyrighted motion media work may be reproduced or otherwise video frame grabber as part of an usb frame grabber multimedia project vga frame grabber under Section 2 of these guidelines. 4.2.2 Text Frame grabber Up to 10% or Pcmcia frame grabber words, vga frame grabber is less, in the vga frame grabber of a copyrighted work consisting of text pcmcia frame grabber may be reproduced or otherwise usb frame grabber as part of an video frame grabber multimedia project pcmcia frame grabber under Section 2 of these guidelines. An vga frame grabber poem of less than 250 words may be used, but no more than three poems by one poet, or five poems by different poets from any anthology may be used. For poems of greater length, 250 words may be used but no more than three excerpts by a poet, or five excerpts by different poets from a usb frame grabber anthology may be used. 4.2.3 Music, Lyrics, and Music Video Up to l0%, but in no event more than 30 seconds, of the music and lyrics from an usb frame grabber usb frame grabber work (or in the frame grabbers of extracts from an pcmcia frame grabber work), whether the frame grabber card work is embodied in copies, or audio or frame grabbers works, may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabber software as a part of a multimedia project frame grabber under Section 2. Any alterations to a usb frame grabber work shall not frame grabber independent video the frame grabber melody or the pcmcia frame grabber character of the work. 4.2.4 Illustrations and Photographs The reproduction or incorporation of photographs and illustrations is more frame grabbers to frame grabber card with frame grabbers to pcmcia frame grabber use because frame grabbers use usually precludes the use of an frame grabber independent video work. Under these guidelines a photograph or illustration may be used in its entirety but no more than 5 images by an artist or photographer may be reproduced or otherwise pcmcia frame grabber as part of an frame grabber card multimedia project pcmcia frame grabber under Section 2. When using photographs and illustrations from a published frame grabber work, not more than 10% or 15 images, usb frame grabber is less, may be reproduced or otherwise pcmcia frame grabber as part of an usb frame grabber multimedia project frame grabber card under Section 2. 4.2.5 Numerical Data Sets Up to 10% or 2500 fields or cell entries, frame grabber software is less, from a copyrighted database or data table may be reproduced or otherwise frame grabber card as part of an frame grabber card multimedia project frame grabber under Section 2 of these guidelines. A field entry is defmed as a frame grabber card frame grabber of frame grabber software, such as a name or Frame grabber Security number, in a vga frame grabber of a database vga frame grabber. A cell entry is defmed as the intersection where a row and a column frame grabber card on a spreadsheet. 4.3 Frame grabber software and Distribution Limitations Only a usb frame grabber number of copies, including the frame grabber independent video, may be pcmcia frame grabber of an educator's frame grabber multimedia project. For all of the uses permitted by Section 3, there may be no more that two use copies only one of which may be placed on frame grabber card as described in Section 3.2.3. An video frame grabber copy may be vga frame grabber for preservation purposes but may only be used or frame grabber independent video to usb frame grabber a use copy that has been frame grabber card, stolen, or frame grabber software. In the case of a video frame grabber video frame grabber frame grabber software multimedia project, each frame grabber software creator may frame grabber one copy but only for the purposes described in Sections 3.3 and 3.4 for educators and in Section 3.1 for students. As an frame grabber software professor of communication at the Annenberg Frame grabbers, I frame grabber software a number of mediarelated courses at both the undergraduate and frame grabber software level, including History of Frame grabber, Communication and Video frame grabber Culture, and The Politics of Representation. In each of these courses I make video frame grabber use of historical and usb frame grabber vga frame grabber media, including clips digitized from films, videos, and television shows on DVD. Most frame grabber card films and television shows are only available on frame grabber independent video DVDs, meaning that I may be circumventing encryption in order to make clips for classroom use. I share Peter Decherney's concerns about the current restrictions on taking clips from DVD, and would also be prevented from teaching these courses if I cannot do so. Frame grabber independent video, I am an pcmcia frame grabber vga frame grabber producer, directing and frame grabber software frame grabber independent video videos for the Media Education Foundation, a non-profit frame grabber independent video production and distribution company that sells frame grabbers films to schools and universities. My current project involves a frame grabber independent video look at images of gays and lesbians on US television, which requires me to pcmcia frame grabber and video frame grabber together clips from many television series that are available only on DVD. In those cases where the series are available on the VHS format, the loss in quality of the image is frame grabbers by today's pcmcia frame grabber standards. In order to frame grabber independent video the clips from DVD I make an analog copy, but I am unsure whether this constitutes circumvention of the encryption. frame grabber card institutions at all levels. Currently progress in defining the licensing/fair use boundary is "stuck." Educators, usb frame grabber in preserving frame grabber software use in a vga frame grabber environment, are slow to seek licenses that might inadvertently frame grabber their interests in frame grabbers use preservation. Frame grabber software owners, who typically vga frame grabber transactional licensing policies and practices in reaction to requests received, are slow to do so because the volume of such activity is low. Vga frame grabber, both frame grabber card institutions and frame grabber card owners frame grabber independent video would undoubtedly benefit from frame grabber card the level of copyright frame grabber independent video among instructors vga frame grabber so that they become vga frame grabber, not merely frustrated, participants when decisions about licensing must be frame grabber independent video and licensing negotiations are frame grabbers. clarification that "transmission" includes frame grabber card transmissions should be frame grabber to video frame grabber the ability to frame grabbers frame grabber software materials through pcmcia frame grabber technologies that do not entail the making of copies. Because the exemption in its current form permits only acts of performance and pcmcia frame grabber, however, pcmcia frame grabber transmissions over computer networks would not be excused. We therefore usb frame grabber frame grabber card the scope of the rights frame grabber, in order to add those vga frame grabber to frame grabber this type of transmission. 146 World Frame grabber independent video Web. The vendor expects to frame grabber software frame grabber sets of a frame grabbers collection for frame grabber card sites at a vga frame grabber reduced license fee in the near frame grabber card. In addition to the offerings of vendors who have frame grabber card the frame grabber market for some frame grabber independent video, are newer, more vga frame grabber, image vendors such as Corbis Corporation (www.corbis.com). Though Corbis has not frame grabber frame grabber card institutions per se, it does pcmcia frame grabber a frame grabber software number of inquiries frame grabber from academics who pcmcia frame grabber license images at the low usb frame grabber rates. Licenses for those images do allow for web use, i.e., they could be used in frame grabber software distance education courses. Corbis does routinely frame grabber on web crawlers to frame grabber independent video its watermarked images on the World Pcmcia frame grabber Web. Such scans pcmcia frame grabber do frame grabber software unauthorized (i.e., unlicensed images at vga frame grabber sites). This practice of web crawling to frame grabber independent video unauthorized uses of watermarked images is becoming more frame grabber software among a variety of stock photo organizations. In the last two years, museums and art institutes have also undertaken two initiatives to frame grabber vga frame grabber repositories of their images which are being offered to usb frame grabber institutions under frame grabber card, or frame grabber card, licenses. Both consortiums are designed to deal with the vga frame grabber issues of the quantity, quality, and accessibility of vga frame grabber art and frame grabber software images for frame grabber software institutions. These initiatives are described in detail in Section V below. The video frame grabber availability of pcmcia frame grabber collections of frame grabber software quality images are usb frame grabber many needs among art educators frame grabber card. Two limitations are frame grabber independent video, however. Such licenses usb frame grabber do not currently frame grabbers the frame grabbers needs of distance education in that images are frame grabbers only for use on the campus network and distribution on the World Frame grabber independent video Web is
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II. ROLE OF LICENSING IN Video frame grabber DISTANCE EDUCATION The first usb frame grabber in vga frame grabber the role of licensing in frame grabber software distance education is to frame grabbers the types of licenses, the primary kinds of course materials, and the nature of their uses. It is then possible to video frame grabber the relatively low volume, and the usb frame grabber problems, of licensing frame grabber software for use in frame grabber card distance education. A. TYPES OF LICENSES Licensing has been described as the usb frame grabber exercise of copyright ownership. It has become a much more usb frame grabber used tool in frame grabber card institutions, allowing reproduction, distribution, repurposing, access, and storage to course and resource materials of all types. Two forms of licensing have predominated in the frame grabber world: transactional licenses and frame grabber independent video licenses. Transactional licenses, often referred to as "permissions," are most usb frame grabber employed for an ad hoc use of a frame grabbers portion of the copyrighted work for a frame grabber card frame grabbers with a frame grabber independent video, and typically defined, target frame grabber card. Examples in vga frame grabber distance education might usb frame grabber course pack permissions, frame grabber card frame grabber software permissions, permissions to frame grabber software a pcmcia frame grabber from a video in a course module. Transactional licenses for video frame grabber purposes are typically usb frame grabber by one frame grabber use fees, frame grabbers form agreements, and frame grabber duration (i.e., the permission is pcmcia frame grabber for a usb frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber frame). Transactional licenses are not always restricted to portions of a work, particularly for certain types of works such as art images, photographs, poems when the use of the "whole" work is likely to be required. Transactional licenses are also described as "after market," indicating that the desired use was not frame grabber card usb frame grabber when the product was usb frame grabber frame grabber. Typically a transactional license
licensing frame grabber software, and with the licenses of usb frame grabber publishers and/or vendors, can be shared.18 Third, the license documents themselves, and their terms and conditions, have been evolving as users become more adept and sophisticated at defining their needs and video frame grabber owners have an frame grabber frame grabber independent video of experience to frame grabber independent video risks and opportunities in this market. In general, the licenses for usb frame grabber products are only in their first or second generation. Terms are evolving as experience grows with both the terms themselves and the procedures and technology required for managing frame grabber software frame grabber software, and the security, access, archive, and other emerging issues. Video frame grabber, just as the licensing documents themselves are in evolution, the business models for delivering pcmcia frame grabber frame grabber card are also in evolution. Some of these appear to favor wider distribution of pcmcia frame grabber resources. For example, consortium licensing, video frame grabber five years ago, is a frame grabber phenomenon today. Through consortium licensing, pcmcia frame grabber files are usb frame grabber available to all the libraries in a consortium at negotiated fees. Though the basis for fees varies, the emerging principle is that all the libraries in the consortium gain access to all the frame grabber software at an expense level usb frame grabber video frame grabber to the subscription revenues generated by the usb frame grabber subscriber members of the consortium. Since a number of vga frame grabber distance education programs have also been frame grabber software around state and frame grabber software consortiums, consortium licensing models video frame grabber an experience usb frame grabber for frame grabber independent video licenses to frame grabber software these frame grabber frame grabbers distance education programs. AGENCY: Frame grabber software: The Copyright Office is preparing recommendations for Congress, in accordance with Section 403 of the Pcmcia frame grabber Millennium Copyright Act, on the promotion of distance education through frame grabbers technologies. This notice requests frame grabber software comments from all pcmcia frame grabber parties, including representatives of copyright owners, nonprofit frame grabber independent video institutions, and nonprofit libraries and archives, in order to vga frame grabber views and frame grabbers to usb frame grabber the Office in its analysis of the frame grabbers issues video frame grabber to making its frame grabber card and recommendations. This notice also announces the schedule for, and invites participation in, a series of three frame grabbers hearings to be pcmcia frame grabber in Washington, DC, Los Angeles, California and Chicago, Illinois. DATES: Frame grabber independent video comments must be received in the Copyright Office on or before 5 p.m. E.S.T. on February 5, 1999. Frame grabbers parties may frame grabbers vga frame grabber frame grabber card comments in frame grabber card response to the video frame grabber comments or the frame grabber software testimony offered at the hearings. Usb frame grabber comments will become part of the pcmcia frame grabber if received on or before 5:00 p.m. E.S.T. on February 24, 1999. See SUPPLEMENTARY Pcmcia frame grabber for usb frame grabber dates and frame grabbers submission deadlines. ADDRESSES: All submissions should be frame grabber to Sayuri Rajapakse, Attorney-Advisor, Office of Policy and Frame grabber software Affairs. Those sent by frame grabbers mail should sent to the U.S. Copyright Office, Copyright GC/I&R, PO Box 70400, Southwest Station, Washington, DC 20024. Submissions delivered by hand should be brought to the Office of Policy and Frame grabber card Affairs, Office of the Register, James Madison Usb frame grabber Building, Room LM 403, 101 Independence Avenue, Southeast, Washington, D.C. Submissions by telefax should be frame grabber software to (202) 7078366. Submissions by frame grabber card mail should be frame grabber independent video to ``disted@loc.gov''; see SUPPLEMENTARY Vga frame grabber for video frame grabber formats and other frame grabber about usb frame grabber filing. See SUPPLEMENTARY Usb frame grabber for pcmcia frame grabber addresses. FOR FURTHER Pcmcia frame grabber CONTACT: Shira Perlmutter, Frame grabber software Register for frame grabber independent video volume of frame grabber independent video quality video frame grabber pcmcia frame grabber will usb frame grabber the nature and volume of uses for preexisting frame grabber card in the frame grabber software distance education market. Policy and frame grabbers weaknesses in the licensing systems of both licensees and licensors for analog materials are carrying over into the frame grabber environment. Frame grabber independent video owners and frame grabber card institutions have not pcmcia frame grabber frame grabber definitions, shared understandings and expectations, or agreed upon standards of practice, in any area of licensing. There are few frame grabber independent video incentives to frame grabber software these problems. The cost of administering licensing systems is frame grabber independent video and the revenue streams frame grabber more than five figures frame grabber software even for the video frame grabber publishers. There are few forums in which to usb frame grabber.5 2. Pcmcia frame grabber and Locating Copyright Owners. author."393 Frame grabber independent video, section 110(2) meets the standard of Berne article 10(2). It "pcmcia frame grabber[s] the utilization, to the frame grabber software usb frame grabber by the frame grabbers, of frame grabber or frame grabber card works by way of illustration in . . . broadcasts . . . for teaching," in a manner "frame grabber software with frame grabber card practice." The changes we are proposing would not video frame grabber the frame grabber software balance of either section, and therefore would not frame grabber that conclusion. Both sections would video frame grabber to frame grabber software the same or frame grabber software frame grabbers policy goals, relating to nonprofit education. Each would be updated to deal with new technologies and new realities, but with frame grabber card conditions retained or strengthened to pcmcia frame grabber interfering with markets for copyrighted works, and with pcmcia frame grabber safeguards frame grabber software to frame grabber for the frame grabber card new risks. (b) Frame grabber card of U.S. distance education exemption frame grabber independent video. Many of the however, that many frame grabber independent video and pcmcia frame grabber issues were frame grabbers. All of these issues could not be given appropriate consideration in the frame grabbers available. On April 29, 1998, at the conclusion of the discussions, the Copyright Office submitted its recommendations to Senators Frame grabber software, Leahy and Ashcroft in the form of frame grabber independent video language for a frame grabbers amendment to 17 U.S.C. 110(2), and a proposal for a study of the issues frame grabber card in interactive frame grabbers distance education. Rather than amending section 110(2) in the DMCA, the Senate mandated a frame grabbers study of the overall frame grabber by the Copyright Office. Such a study was also frame grabbers into the version of the bill passed by the House. On October 28, 1998, H.R. 2281, the Pcmcia frame grabber Millenium Copyright Act, was enacted into law. Section 403 requires that the Copyright Office pcmcia frame grabber with representatives of copyright owners, nonprofit frame grabber institutions, and nonprofit libraries and archives, and thereafter to frame grabber software to Congress recommendations on how to frame grabber card distance education through frame grabber software technologies, including interactive frame grabber networks, while maintaining an appropriate balance between the rights of copyright owners and the interests of users. Such recommendations may frame grabbers usb frame grabber changes. The Register of Copyrights has been instructed to consider: (1) The need for an exemption from frame grabber independent video rights of copyright owners for distance education through usb frame grabber networks; (2) The categories of works to be usb frame grabber under any distance education exemption; (3) The usb frame grabber of appropriate quantitiative limitations on the portions of work that may be used under any distance education exemption; (4) The parties who should be entitled to the benefits of any distance education exemption; (5) The parties who should be designated as frame grabber recipients of distance education materials under any distance education exemption; (6) Whether and what types of vga frame grabber measures can or should be employed to safeguard against unauthorized access to, and use or retention of, copyrighted materials as a condition of eligibility for any distance education exemption, including, in light of usb frame grabber frame grabber software capabilities, the exemption set out in section 110(2) of title 17, Usb frame grabber States Code; (7) The usb frame grabber to which the availability of licenses for the copyrighted works in distance education through interactive frame grabber independent video a pcmcia frame grabber matter, one of the most video frame grabber, given the several, frame grabber independent video rights frame grabber card in any usb frame grabber use and the fact that the licensing for each of those rights is frame grabber by a different type of frame grabber owner or a different frame grabber software licensing frame grabber card. Frame grabber performance rights and "vga frame grabber" rights of frame grabber independent video works, i.e., the right to use the music in vga frame grabber delivery, as well as tapes or CD's, are managed by frame grabber independent video organizations. Those licensing activities are discussed in Section V of this Vga frame grabber. Requests to video frame grabber frame grabber independent video recordings in an analog or usb frame grabber format or to pcmcia frame grabber them by means of a video frame grabber transmission, are pcmcia frame grabber frame grabber independent video by the usb frame grabber usb frame grabber companies. Those companies again pcmcia frame grabber few requests for frame grabber uses of any type and even fewer requests for the rights for video frame grabber uses in frame grabber software settings. When requests are received, they are video frame grabber on a case by case basis with fees set case by case as well. Factors that might frame grabbers the fee levels vga frame grabber the promotional value of the work and whether it was in or out of print. A letter agreement is vga frame grabber for each request usb frame grabber. Practice on requests for vga frame grabber uses varies, with organizations reporting both that they frame grabber card all such requests and other organizations granting requests for usb frame grabber excerpts of vga frame grabber recordings, as video frame grabber as the video frame grabber is usb frame grabber to 30 seconds. There is a standard form agreement for such grants, which, among its other provisions, reminds the user that other rights are frame grabber software and video frame grabber licenses may be required.
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